C++ Programming Tutorial with Examples and Code

 C++ is one of the most powerful and widely used programming languages in the world. From building operating systems and games to creating performance-critical applications, C++ has stood the test of time. It combines the efficiency of low-level programming with the flexibility of high-level programming, making it a favorite among developers and learners.

If you are new to coding or looking to strengthen your fundamentals, this C++ Tutorial with Examples and Code will guide you step by step. We’ll start with the basics, move through control structures, functions, and then explore object-oriented concepts with practical examples.

Why Learn C++?

Before diving into the tutorial, let’s understand why C++ is still relevant:

  • Performance – C++ is fast and efficient, used in systems programming, game development, and embedded systems.

  • Object-Oriented – Supports classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism, making it ideal for real-world modeling.

  • Foundation for Other Languages – Knowing C++ makes it easier to learn languages like Java, C#, and even Python.

  • Industry Demand – Widely used in industries like finance, gaming, artificial intelligence, and hardware design.

Setting Up Your Environment

To run C++ programs, you’ll need a compiler like GCC or MSVC. You can install:

  • Code::Blocks or Dev C++ (beginner-friendly IDEs).

  • Visual Studio (great for large projects).

  • Or try online compilers such as Replit and JDoodle for quick practice.

Your First C++ Program: Hello World

Let’s start with the classic "Hello World" program.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    cout << "Hello, World!";
    return 0;
}

Explanation:

  • #include <iostream> allows input and output.

  • using namespace std; lets us use cout without prefixing std::.

  • main() is the entry point of a C++ program.

Variables and Data Types

C++ supports multiple data types like int, float, char, string, and bool.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int age = 21;
    float pi = 3.14;
    char grade = 'A';
    string name = "Alice";
    bool isStudent = true;

    cout << "Name: " << name << ", Age: " << age << endl;
    cout << "Grade: " << grade << ", Student: " << isStudent;
    return 0;
}

Control Structures

If-Else Statement

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int number = 10;
    if (number % 2 == 0) {
        cout << "Even Number";
    } else {
        cout << "Odd Number";
    }
    return 0;
}

For Loop

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
        cout << "Number: " << i << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

While Loop

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int i = 1;
    while (i <= 5) {
        cout << "Count: " << i << endl;
        i++;
    }
    return 0;
}

Functions in C++

Functions allow code reusability.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int add(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}

int main() {
    cout << "Sum: " << add(5, 3);
    return 0;
}

Arrays and Strings

Array Example

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        cout << numbers[i] << " ";
    }
    return 0;
}

String Example

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    string str = "Hello C++";
    cout << "Length: " << str.length() << endl;
    cout << "Substring: " << str.substr(0, 5);
    return 0;
}

Object-Oriented Programming in C++

One of C++’s greatest strengths is its support for OOP concepts.

Class and Object Example

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Student {
public:
    string name;
    int age;

    void display() {
        cout << "Name: " << name << ", Age: " << age << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Student s1;
    s1.name = "Alice";
    s1.age = 20;
    s1.display();
    return 0;
}

Inheritance Example

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Animal {
public:
    void eat() {
        cout << "This animal eats food." << endl;
    }
};

class Dog : public Animal {
public:
    void bark() {
        cout << "The dog barks." << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Dog d;
    d.eat();
    d.bark();
    return 0;
}

Polymorphism Example

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Shape {
public:
    virtual void draw() {
        cout << "Drawing Shape" << endl;
    }
};

class Circle : public Shape {
public:
    void draw() override {
        cout << "Drawing Circle" << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Shape* s;
    Circle c;
    s = &c;
    s->draw();
    return 0;
}

This program demonstrates runtime polymorphism using virtual functions.

File Handling in C++

You can read and write files easily with the <fstream> library.

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    ofstream file("example.txt");
    file << "Hello File!";
    file.close();

    ifstream readFile("example.txt");
    string line;
    getline(readFile, line);
    cout << line;
    readFile.close();

    return 0;
}

Best Practices for Learning C++

  • Practice daily: Write at least one program every day.

  • Start small: Focus on basics before advanced topics like templates and STL.

  • Debug often: Errors are part of learning—analyze and fix them.

  • Build projects: Try making a calculator, to-do app, or simple game.

  • Use online resources: Platforms like GeeksforGeeks, Codecademy, and LeetCode offer practice problems.

Conclusion

C++ is a versatile and powerful programming language that helps build a strong foundation in coding. Whether you are a student or a professional developer, practicing with examples is the best way to learn.

This
C++ Tutorial with Examples and Code covered everything from basic syntax to advanced object-oriented concepts. With consistent practice, you’ll not only understand C++ better but also prepare yourself for other programming languages and career opportunities.

Remember, coding is a skill—mastery comes with practice and patience. Keep experimenting, solving problems, and building projects, and soon you’ll find C++ to be one of your strongest tools as a programmer.

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